Reporting and Analyzing Cash Flows Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Announcing and Analyzing Cash Flows - Assignment Example In any case, the expenses of the stock has expanded, which will cause development of the amortization deteriorations (Murphy, 2000). Then again, if the gear is utilized all the more successfully, the general creation and activity costs will lower. This non-money venture is planned to improve the general execution of the Popowich Inc. Giving extra offers is the twofold end stick. From one viewpoint, it devalues the previously existing stocks, while then again this will assist with improving the company’s positions available by drawing in ventures. Budgetary exercises of the organization are chiefly connected with the time and cash limitations. All things considered, the money and non-money ventures of the Popowich Inc keep the organization from stagnation. Notwithstanding the way that the further money related plans are obscure, if the current inclination is protected, the organization will abbreviate the long-and transient notes that will assist with diminishing the liabilities. Also, the correct capital planning will assist with controlling consumptions. As Murphy (2000) accentuates, the staying capital costs are commonly reviewed as per the productivity revealed. Henceforth, the financing action of the Popowich Inc depends on the capital planning model. The drawn out liabilities of the organization speak to the positive propensity, as the organization is planned for shortening these purposes of the financial plan. The stockholders’ values are included into the procedure of drawing in financial specialists. In the light of this reality, it ought to be expressed that the company’s financing exercises structure the positive

The Running Style in English Prose

The Running Style in English Prose The free-running style, said Aristotle in his book On Rhetoric, is the thoughtful that has no characteristic halting spots, and grinds to a halt simply because there is no more to state of that subject (Book Three, Chapter Nine). Its a sentence style regularly utilized by energized kids: And afterward Uncle Richard took us to the Dairy Queen and we had frozen yogurt and I had strawberry and the base of my cone tumbled off and there was dessert everywhere throughout the floor and Mandy giggled and afterward she hurled and Uncle Richard took us home and didnt state anything. Also, the running style was supported by the nineteenth century American artist Walt Whitman: The early lilacs turned out to be a piece of this child,And grass, and white and red morning-wonders, and white and red clover, and the tune of the phoebe-bird,And the Third-month sheep, and the sow’s pink-swoon litter, and the mare’s foal, and the cow’s calf,And the boisterous brood of the farm, or by the soil of the lake side,And the fish suspending themselves so inquisitively underneath thereand the delightful inquisitive liquid,And the water-plants with their smooth level headsall turned out to be a piece of him.(There Was a Child Went Forth, Leaves of Grass) The running style regularly shows up in the Bible: What's more, the downpour dropped, and the floods came, and the breezes blew, and beat upon that house; and it fell: and extraordinary was the fall of it.(Matthew, 7:27) What's more, Ernest Hemingway fabricated his profession on it: In the fall the war was consistently there, however we didn't go to it any more. It was cold in the fall in Milan and the dim came early. At that point the electric lights went ahead, and it was wonderful along the roads glancing in the windows. There was a lot of game hanging outside the shops, and the snow powdered in the hide of the foxes and the breeze blew their tails. The deer hung hardened and substantial and void, and little flying creatures blew in the breeze and the breeze turned their quills. It was a virus fall and the breeze descended from the mountains.(In Another Country) As opposed to the occasional sentence style, with its painstakingly layered subordinate conditions, the running style offers a steady progression of basic and compound structures. As Richard Lanham sees in Analyzing Prose (Continuum, 2003), the running style gives the presence of a brain at work, causing things to up as it obliges, sentences copying the meandering aimlessly, cooperative punctuation of discussion. In The New Oxford Guide to Writing (1988), Thomas Kane separates the ethics of the running style-which he calls the cargo train style: It is helpful when you wish to interface a progression of occasions, thoughts, impressions, emotions, or recognitions as promptly as could be expected under the circumstances, without making a decision about their relative worth or forcing a legitimate structure upon them. . . .The sentence style coordinates our faculties much as a camera guides them in a film, managing us starting with one observation then onto the next, yet making a constant encounter. The cargo train style, at that point, can examine experience a lot of like a progression of isolating sentences. Be that as it may, it brings the parts all the more intently together, and when it utilizes numerous coordination, it accomplishes a high level of ease. In the exposition Paradox and Dream, John Steinbeck receives the running (or cargo train) style to distinguish a portion of the clashing components in the American character: We battle our way in, and attempt to purchase out. We are alert, inquisitive, confident, and we consume a greater number of medications intended to make us uninformed than some other individuals. We are independent and simultaneously totally needy. We are forceful, and unprotected. Americans enjoy their kids; the kids thusly are excessively reliant on their folks. We are self-satisfied in our assets, in our homes, in our training; however it is elusive a man or lady who doesn't need something better for the people to come. Americans are strikingly kind and accommodating and open with the two visitors and outsiders; but then they will make a wide hover around the man biting the dust on the asphalt. Fortunes are spent getting felines out of trees and mutts out of sewer pipes; however a young lady shouting for help in the road draws just pummeled entryways, shut windows, and quiet. Plainly such a style can be compelling in short blasts. Be that as it may, similar to any sentence style that points out itself, the running style can without much of a stretch stay around too long. Thomas Kane investigates the drawback of the running style: The cargo train sentence suggests that the considerations it interfaces along with syntactic uniformity are similarly noteworthy. In any case, normally thoughts are not of a similar request of significance; some are major; others optional. In addition, this kind of development can't show extremely exact sensible connections of circumstances and logical results, condition, concession, etc. To pass on progressively complex connections between thoughts in our sentences, we for the most part move from coordination to subordinationor, to utilize expository terms, from parataxis to hypotaxis.

Understanding the Fear of Buttons

Understanding the Fear of Buttons Phobias Types Print Understanding the Fear of Buttons By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on June 21, 2019 Catherine MacBride / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment In This Article Table of Contents Expand Texture Issues Germ Phobia Inhaling or Swallowing Buttons Related Phobias Steve Jobs Treating Button Phobia View All Back To Top Koumpounophobia, or the fear of buttons, is surprisingly common. Yet like any phobia, the specific fear may vary dramatically between sufferers. Some people are afraid of the texture of certain buttons. Others feel that buttons are somehow dirty. Some only fear touching or wearing buttons, while others are scared of viewing buttons worn by strangers or friends. Texture Issues Many people claim to feel disgusted by buttons rather than actively afraid of them. Researchers at the University of Sussex theorized that fear and disgust are heavily linked. Issues with certain textures are common with a variety of disorders including those on the autism spectrum, but also occur alone. If you are disgusted by the texture of some buttons, you might begin to dread handling them. Over time, this dread could worsen to include all buttons, even those that are of a different texture. You might also begin to fear seeing buttons, even if you are not required to touch them. Interestingly, most people with a texture-related fear of buttons seem to be especially afraid of plastic buttons. Metal buttons, such as those on jeans, are not a common object of fear. Germ Phobia Some people report that they are particularly afraid of old buttons. A common example is a box of buttons discovered in grandmas old sewing room. The general belief seems to be that these buttons are unclean. This could be disgust masquerading as fear, or it could be related to mysophobia, the fear of germs. In many cases, those who are afraid of old buttons have similar fears regarding old clothes in general, but this is not always true. Likewise, some people who fear old buttons are also afraid of new buttons, though to a lesser extent. Inhaling or Swallowing Buttons Some people are not afraid of the button itself that are afraid that they might accidentally inhale or swallow it. Small children often put objects in their noses or mouths, and loose buttons sometimes attract their attention. Phobias are sometimes, though not always, based on frightening past experiences. If you swallowed a button or got one stuck in your nose as a child, you might be at increased risk for developing this fear. In addition, the traumatic experience need not have happened to you. If you witnessed another child in distress due to an errant button, that could be enough to trigger this fear. Related Phobias Depending on its severity, button phobia sometimes extends to other objects. Some people with a fear of buttons also develop the fear of small coins, discs, and other button-sized items. Over time, an untreated fear of buttons could become life-limiting, preventing the sufferer from interacting with a wide range of common household items. Steve Jobs In 2007, Apple co-founder Steve Jobs revealed his button phobia to the Wall Street Journal. His phobia extended far beyond clothing buttons, ironically setting the stage for what was arguably the forward-thinking companys most remarkable success. Modeled after the companys 1993 Newton MessagePad PDA, the revolutionary iPhone took the world by storm upon its 2007 release. Singlehandedly, it changed the concept of a cell phone from a device that resembled a traditional telephone to a smooth rectangular block that consisted primarily of a touchscreen. If Steve Jobs had not been afraid of buttons, would cell phones and tablets exist today? Treating Button Phobia Like all phobias, koumpounophobia responds well to a variety of treatment methods. Brief therapy methods, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy, can often treat simple phobias in just a few sessions. Your therapist will work with you to design an individualized treatment plan based on your specific needs. Although a button phobia can have far-reaching impacts on your daily life, with professional help and hard work it can be overcome.

Loan Syndication Free Essays

string(93) " banks are there fore, able to syndicate loans with out interfering with the credit ceiling\." LOAN SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS FINANCING STRATEGY IN NIGERIA TABLE OF CONTENT Title page Approval page Dedication Acknowledgement Abstract CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1. Background of the study 2. Statement of the problem 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Loan Syndication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Objectives of the study 4. Significance of the study 5. Scope, limitations and delimitations 6. Statement of hypothesis 7. Definition of terms. CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 1. Types and sources of loan to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc. 2. Factors to be considered by Consortium of Financial Institutions before giving out Loans to business Organization. . Factors to be considered by Union Bank of Nigeria before using Loan syndication as a source of finance. 4. Securities and interest rates acceptable to the Union Bank of Nigeria. CHAPTER THREE RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY 1. Sources of data 2. Survey Instrument or Instrument of Data collection. 3. Location of data 4. Research questions. CHAPTER FOUR DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS 1. Presentation of Data 2. Analysis of data 3. Interpretation of Data. CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1. Findings 2. Recommendation 3. Conclusion Bibliography Appendix PROPOSAL LOAN SYNDICATION AS AN ALTERNATIVE BUSINESS FINANCING STRATEGY IN NIGERIA Lack of fund has been one of the major problems militating against the progress and growth of our business organizations in Nigeria. This is caused by a lot of factors such as low savings (vicious circle of poverty), ignorance of the public to invest, mismanagement etc. there are many ways of solving the problems of finance and providing adequate finance to our business organizations such as equity stock, savings, ploughing back profits, but for the purpose of this research, we have to pay attention to loan syndication. This research will focus on the appraisal of the methods and ways through which Union Bank of Nigeria Plc source for fund in form of loan from a group of financial institutions such as commercial banks, merchant banks, insurance companies, development banks and financial institution like governments thrift societies friends. It will also focus on the different classes of loan notably, long-term loan, medium term loan, and short term loan. The classes of loan provided by the different types of financial institutions enumerated above will also be considered by Union Bank of Nigeria before using loan as a source of finance instead of other sources. Similarity, it is also pertinent to treat the factors, which are considered by consortium of financial institutions before giving out loans to business organizations. The securities and interest rates treatment acceptable to the consortium will also be look into. Also, the reason why some financial institutions do not go into loan syndication will also be inquired into. Before ending this research, it is important to study how the interest of the constitution is protected in the Union Bank of Nigeria as well as how the interest of each member of the consortium is protected within the group. These points enumerated above when treated, Union Bank of Nigeria chooses to finance their projects and particularly loan syndication and we feel anybody who enjoys it. Summarily, the research work will be grouped into five chapters. Chapter one will contain the introduction, sub-topics as background of study, statement of problem, objectives of study, significance of study and so on. Chapter two contains the literature review. This chapter will give the detailed analysis of the topic. It is here that we state the meaning of the topic of the research different types of syndicated credit finance, the procedures for syndicating a loan etc. Chapter three will cover the research methodology and techniques. The sources of data, the instrument of data of data collection and the place the data is located. Chapter four, which is the data presentation and analysis will show the presentation of the data collected both in tables and charts, pie chart may also be used. Finally, chapter five which summaries the other chapters. The findings recommendations and the conclusion will be contained in this chapter. Having said much, this research study will be specifically limited to Union Bank of Nigeria Plc Onitsha Anambra State. CHAPTER ONE 1. 1 INTRODOUCTION OF THE STUDY The velalive insufficiency of fund for capital investment is a common factor in every economy especially in developing counties of the world. In developing counties like Nigeria; the low level of capital investment manifest in high unemployment rates; low productivity and corresponding low standard of living for greater majority of the population. Finding a solution to this problem of providing fund for capital investment has been a major pre-occupation of financial institutions in Nigeria. Beyond the traditional term loan; share offers; bonds and on; business organizations and financial institutions alike have sought out avenue to tackle the problem of insufficient fund for capital investment. One of the solutions they have come up with is syndicated loan or multiple credit facilities , which is aimed at spreading risks and weakening the impact of restricting laws and regulation on lending by financial institutions . Syndicate has been defined as an association of industrialist, or financial or banking consortium forced to carry out some industrial projects. Accordingly, loan syndication is basically defined as an agreement between two or borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation. The spectacular growth of loan syndication as an alternative financial instrument for business organization occurred as response to several economic factors in Nigeria. Notable among these were: – The National industrial policy of 1989, which is aimed at achieving, accelerated pace of industrial growth in Nigeria economy. The Introduction of structural adjustment programmed in 1986, culminating in the establishment of foreign Exchange market (F E M) and depreciation of the aria, This made imported machinery and equipment very expensive and requiring hung capital outlays which most companies or financial institution can not comfortably afford. – Restriction on credit expansion by gov ernment and monetary authorities to minimize inflation. Central bank of Nigeria dose not included syndicated loan finance with in the credit checking, banks are there fore, able to syndicate loans with out interfering with the credit ceiling. You read "Loan Syndication" in category "Papers" The scrapping of import license regime which enabled more users of imported equipment and machineries to source and bring into the country. – Deregulation of interest rate made loan syndication attractive to both business organizations and financial institutions. The above factors concerned with the persistent domestic inflation and arising cost of domestic production have increased the magnitude of credits demand by vanoys users of fund particularly the industrial producers. In addition, there are certain legal and regulatory limitations on lending activities of commercial and merchant banks such as the statutory lending limit as provided in the banking act of 1969s. 13 (1) , the liquidity requirement ,e t c . In order to surmount these legal and regulatory limitations on lending activities of commercial bank (union bank) and merchant banks, loan syndication has become an attractive credit delivery technique aimed at spreading risks reducing the impact of the restricting laws and regulations. Currently, there exists no comprehensive enacted law on loan syndication in the country as to regulate the activities of the financial institution that lead and participate in the syndication. What is perhaps significant about loan syndication in the country is not the rapid growth of the financial institutions involved loan syndication, but their activities which have been quite remarkable over the years. Also, the study of the extent to which union bank of Nigeria plc employ syndicated loan as an alternative financing means with particular reference to Anambra and Enugu states respective financing means with loan as an alternatively have been carried out in this study. The researcher carefully appraised all aspects of loan syndication as financing alternative in the country from the point of view of the borrower. It is also made clear in this work that consideration of numerous merits of syndicated loan financing as against its demerits. It is not to be used as a last resort but should be considered alongside with equivalent alternatives. All these notwithstanding the most important of this study (it empirical study) is to know the popularity of syndicated loan financing among business organization in the country and the extent to which they employ it as financing alternative, no such study has been carried out in Nigeria. For the empirical study, Anambra and Enugu State respectively have been chosen due to constraint imposed by cost and short-term on the researcher, otherwise the researcher could have conducted the survey throughout the country. . STATEMENT OF PROBLEM There are conflicting views as to whether business organizations should be financed by syndicated loan or not. The opposition to the use of this alternative, especially in Nigeria, argues that syndicated loan is expensive and involves much administrative work. Also, there is need to point out in every clear terms the advantages inherent in syndicated l oan as medium and long term financing alternative. Besides, a review of the role of financial institutions in financing Nigeria business organization through syndicate loan is of paramount importance. In addition to the above, the extent to which syndicated loan financing is embraced by Union bank of Nigeria Plc. In the country need to be studies to know actually whether the much emphasized syndicated loan financing is being employed as financing alternative in Nigeria. 3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study includes inter-allies; – An examination in general terms of the various issues involved in loan syndication. – To find out whether loan syndication is really a new approach to or another form of borrowing. To synthesize the merits and demerits of syndicated loan-financing vis-a-vis other sources of medium and long-term financing both by cost and codeless. – To survey the extent and prospects of loan syndication business in Nigeria analyzing critically the role of business organizations and financial institutions. – To find out whether loan syndication can help in industrial development of the country, especially under the current econom ic situation. – To examine the extent of penetration of syndicated loan financing among business organizations in the country. 1. 4SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study will be of crucial benefit to the borrowers. The attention of the researcher was drawn by the need for loan syndication in Nigeria especially in the area of providing the borrower with credit facilities. This becomes obvious that will be a need to grant study that could examine loan syndication as it affects the investment and capital project outlays. Therefore, the significant of this study is to look into ways of making it easy for financing a capital project outlays which requires a syndicated loan, and also to encourage financial firms to jointly finance project which one financial firm cannot single handedly finance. It is hoped that after this study. It will be useful to every bank especially those in merchant banking and development banking. It will also provide information to general public on how to employ loan syndication as alternative business financing. This work is expected to be of immense values to the students in financial studies and other related courses mostly accountancy, banking and finance and so on, since this is part of what they are going to practice in their various place of work. Lastly, it will and government and other institutions to formulate suitable policy that will guide them in financing a big projects jointly with other financing firm. 1. 5SCOPE OF THE STUDY This research work only covers the loan syndication as an alternative business financing strategy in Nigeria. I took a close looks at the needs, functions and various benefit associated with Nigeria loan syndication. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY The first limitation, which was obvious, is the dearth of statistical data. Lack of statistical data from our financial institutions like central bank of Nigeria (CBN), ministry of finance, including commercial and merchant banks where the researcher visited at Enugu, Onitsha and Lagos to collect list of corporations they have financed through syndicated loan adhered strictly to the rule of secretly in banking, thus they refused to release such information. Another problem is the time constraint. A research of this nature need relatively long time during which information for accurate infirmness could be drawn, the period for the study is short , hence time posed as a constraint to the researcher. Lastly, as the cost, the researcher would have extended the survey to other states at the empirical level and this would have produced accurate and more comprehensive work but for the hinge cost of transportation and accommodation in the various state of the federation. It is not possible. 1. 6 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS: Ho syndicated loan has been employed against other alternatives as a medium long term financing strategy. Hi syndicate loan has not been employed against other alternatives as a medium long term financing strategy. Ho does syndicate loan has any impact on our national economy? Hi syndicated loan has much impact in our national economy. Ho syndicated loan has much impact in our national economy. 1. 7 DEFINITION OF TERMS: The research topic has some key words, which call for treatment before anything else. SYNDICATE: It has been defined as an association of industrialist, or financials or banking consortium forced to carry out come industrial projects. LOAN SYNDICATION: It is defined as an agreement between two or more lending financial institutions to provide a borrower with credit facility utilizing common loan documentation. —–Important Instructions Start here—- PLEASE, print the following instructions and information if you will like to order/buy our complete written material(s). Remember that our approved websites are www. careerslight. com or www. trustyprojects. com and our official phone numbers are 08169533305, 08158646653, 08126773402. Take Note of our websites and phone numbers or write them down. 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Spectrophotometery Essays - Spectroscopy, Chemistry, Nature

Spectrophotometery The purpose of this lab experiment is to understand the uses of spectrophotometry. This experiment concentrates on the uses of the spectrophotometer, and using this instrument to specifically determine the absorption spectrum of a cobalt chloride solution, a galactose solution, and to determine an unknown concentration of a galactose solution. Modern biologists frequently use the measurement of light absorption to determine concentration of chemicals. The technique is called spectrophotometry. However, why is light absorbed? Light may be simply scattered by particles, but this is extremely important to the measurement of truly absorbed light. Light is the part of electromagnetic radiation to which the human eye is sensitive. Light is energy, and when absorbed by a chemical it results in a change in energy levels of the chemical. The energy of light depends on its wavelengths. Longer wavelengths, such as infrared, have less energy than shorter wavelengths, such as ultraviolet. A molecule will absorb light energy when a wavelength exactly matches the energy difference between two energy states of the molecule. A spectrophotometer makes use of the transmission of light through a specific solution to determine the concentration of a solute within a solution. It is based on a simple design of passing light of a known wavelength through a sample and measuring the amount of light energy that is transmitted. The design of a single beam spectrophotometer involves a light source, a prism, a sample holder, and a photocell. Connected to each are the appropriate electrical or mechanical to control the illuminating intensity, the wavelengths, and for conversion of energy received to readable data that can be recorded, which is known as a voltage fluctuation. This voltage fluctuation is displayed digitally and recorded for further analysis. The whole idea of spectrophotometery determining the concentration of a compound is based upon Beer's Law. Beer Law, or Beer-Lambert Law is the relationship between absorbance and concentration of an absorbing specimen. Applying Beer's Law can be used to determine a solutes absorption peek, and to plot the absorption spectrum on what is known as a Beer's Law plot or curve. The procedure to find the absorption spectrum of cobalt chloride uses a Beer's Law and spectrophotometry. The spectrophotometer used specifically to this experiment is the spcectronic 20. As with any experiment, a control is needed to base the experiment on. In this case, distilled water will be used as the control. A cuvette, which is a small plastic container used in the instrument to hold the solution, is filled with distilled water. The cuvette is then place in the sample holder. At this time the machine should be set at 400nm, and at this wavelength the transmittance should read 100%. If the instrument does not read 100%T, the instrument needs to be blanked, or adjusted accordingly, until 100%T is achieved. Once the control is achieved, the absorption level of cobalt chloride can know be determined. Taking a clean cuvette, adding around 6ml of cobalt chloride to it, it is placed in the machine and the wavelength is kept at 400nm. According to the data the spectrophotometer reads, the optical density of cobalt chloride at a wavelength of 400nm is 0.03100. Once this information is recorded, the cuvette of cobalt chloride is removed. The machine is then set to 410nm, and the control cuvette of distilled water is placed back in the machine. The machine is then re-blanked, being sure that it reads 100%T. Remove the cuvette of distilled water and place the cuvette of cobalt chloride in the machine. At 410nm, the optical density of cobalt chloride is 0.043000, and this information is recorded. The above procedure is repeated continually, at wavelength settings that are at 10nm intervals. For example, next would be 420nm, then 430nm, and so on. It is very important to be sure to re-blank the spectrophotometer after every change of wavelength. Cobalt chloride, at a wavelength of 510nm, has an optical density of 0.51200. As can be seen in figures 1-1 and 1-2, this is the wavelength at which cobalt chloride absorbs maximally. The next procedure involved in the experiment is to develop a standard curve, using Beer's Law, for galactose. Six test tubes are used for the first part of the experiment. Each test tube should be clearly labeled 1 through 6 on the top of each tube, using a wax pencil. Also, one large beaker should be filled with distilled water and sitting on a hot plate in preparation for boiling. Six different concentrations of galactose are going to be needed, corresponding to the six test tubes. The

Essay on Craig Hawkins PS 2

Essay on Craig Hawkins PS 2 Essay on Craig Hawkins PS 2 Craig Hawkins Prof. Sante 11/16/14 Theory of Democratic Peace Throughout the world there are numerous countries that are ruled by different political systems, in which every country is entitled to do so. Although some systems are viewed more favorably than others, in this paper the political systems discussed will be the democratic, authoritarian and totalitarian systems. These political systems will be analyzed in relation to the Theory of Democratic Peace. This theory argues that nation-states governed by democratic regimes do not have conflicts with other countries that would lead to wars. Through the analyses of the Theory of Democratic Peace in relation to the democratic system: United States, authoritarian system: China and totalitarian system: Iraq, I find this theory to be inaccurate. The United States is a country governed by democratic rule. As a democratic country the U.S. emphasizes rights, liberties and justice. Since 1776 the United States has only evolved through democracy along to a population that now holds â€Å"316,128,839 million people† (quickfacts.census.gov). â€Å"The majority of the population is made up in 77.7 % Whites, 17.1 % in Hispanic/Latinos and 13.2 % in African Americans (quickfacts.census.gov). The United States economy has many liberties and opportunities for financial gain. The United States itself is projected to earn â€Å"5.7 trillion dollars in revenue during the year of 2014† (usgovernmentrevenue.com). The United States economy is sustained mostly through taxes. Sources of revenue that come from taxes are income taxes, social insurance taxes, ad valorem taxes and business taxes. â€Å"The United States is the third largest country in the world and borders two other countries: Canada and Mexico† (geography.abo ut.com). The United States climate changes throughout the course of the year, entering all four seasons. â€Å"The United States was recognized as an independent nation by Great Britain in 1783 following the American Revolution† (1775-1783)(usa.gov). The Declaration of Independence represents freedom the United States won, on July 4th the U.S. celebrates this day. Major following events to come The Civil War between northern and southern states from 1861-1865 which ultimately led to Barack Obama being elected the first black President of the United States† (infoplease.com). Within the United States lies the core of how the country is governed starting first with the Constitution. The United Sates is governed through three different branches, The Executive Branch: where a great deal of power is held by the President, The Legislative Branch: consists of the House of Representatives and the Senate and The Judicial Branch: â€Å"courts systems that harbor the judgment resp onsibilities for what is considered fair and considered justice† (whitehouse.gov). Country based decisions are made within these branches by the people within the Congress and Senate. Congress is made up of the House of Representatives (435 elected members) and the Senate (100 Senators). The constitution grants Congress to make legislative decisions. The senate agrees to pass laws and send them to the President for approval. †Both the House and the Senate must pass the same bill by majority vote† (whitehouse.gov). Together these different parts of government work together to uphold the democratic system in place. China is a country governed under authoritarian rule. Authoritarian ruled countries â€Å"are governed by a small group that do not attempt to control everything, instead limiting individual freedoms in favor of hierarchical organization of command, obedience and order† (Roskin 97). Under authoritarian rule China has grown it’s population to 1,355,692,576 billion people. 47 % of the population are between the ages of 25-54 years of age, 17.1 % of population are between the ages of 0-14 years of age, (indexmundi.com/china). The economy is very much profitable in terms of creating revenue for

Battle of Valcour Island in the American Revolution

Battle of Valcour Island in the American Revolution The Battle of Valcour Island was fought October 11, 1776, during the American Revolution (1775-1783) and saw American forces on Lake Champlain clash with the British. Having abandoned the invasion of Canada, the Americans realized that a naval force would be needed to block the British on Lake Champlain. Organized by  Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, work began on a small fleet. Completed in fall 1776, this force met a larger British squadron near Valcour Island. While the British got the better of the action, Arnold and his men were able to escape south. While a tactical defeat for the Americans, the delay caused by both sides having to build fleets prevented the British from invading from the north in 1776. This allowed the Americans to regroup and be prepared for the decisive Saratoga Campaign the following year. Background In the wake of their defeat at the Battle of Quebec in late 1775, American forces attempted to maintain a loose siege of the city. This ended in early May 1776 when British reinforcements arrived from overseas. This forced the Americans to fall back to Montreal. American reinforcements, led by Brigadier General John Sullivan, also arrived in Canada during this period. Seeking to regain the initiative, Sullivan attacked a British force on June 8 at Trois-Rivià ¨res, but was badly defeated. Retreating up the St. Lawrence, he was determined to hold a position near Sorel at the confluence with the Richelieu River. Recognizing the hopelessness of the American situation in Canada, Brigadier General Benedict Arnold, commanding at Montreal, convinced Sullivan that a more prudent course was to retreat south up the Richelieu in order to better secure American territory. Abandoning their positions in Canada, the remnants of the American army traveled south finally halting at Crown Point on the western shore of Lake Champlain. Commanding the rear guard, Arnold ensured that any resources that could benefit the British along the line of retreat were destroyed. A former merchant captain, Arnold understood that command of Lake Champlain was critical to any advance south into New York and the Hudson Valley. As such, he made sure his men burned the sawmill at St. Johns and destroyed all boats that could not be used. When Arnolds men rejoined the army, American forces on the lake consisted of four small vessels mounting a total of 36 guns. The force that they re-united with was a shambles as it lacked adequate supplies and shelter, as well as was suffering from a variety of diseases. In an effort to improve the situation, Sullivan was replaced with Major General Horatio Gates. A Naval Race Advancing in pursuit, the governor of Canada, Sir Guy Carleton, sought to attack down Lake Champlain with the goal of reaching the Hudson and linking up with British forces operating against New York City. Reaching St. Johns, it became clear that a naval force would need to be assembled to sweep the Americans from the lake so that his troops could safely advance. Establishing a shipyard at St. Johns, work began on three schooners, a radeau (gun barge), and twenty gunboats. In addition, Carleton ordered that the 18-gun sloop-of-war HMS Inflexible be dismantled on the St. Lawrence and transported overland to St. Johns. The naval activity was matched by Arnold who established a shipyard at Skenesborough. As Gates was inexperienced in naval matters, construction of the fleet was largely delegated to his subordinate. Work progressed slowly as skilled shipwrights and naval stores were in short supply in upstate New York. Offering extra pay, the Americans were able to assemble the necessary manpower. As vessels were completed they were shifted to nearby Fort Ticonderoga to be fitted out. Working frantically through the summer, the yard produced three 10-gun galleys and eight 3-gun gundalows. Fleets Commanders Americans Brigadier General Benedict Arnold15 galleys, gundalows, schooners, and gunboats British Sir Guy CarletonCaptain Thomas Pringle25 armed vessels Maneuvering to Battle As the fleet grew, Arnold, commanding from the schooner Royal Savage (12 guns), began aggressively patrolling the lake. As the end of September neared, he began to anticipate the more powerful British fleet sailing. Seeking an advantageous place for battle, he positioned his fleet behind Valcour Island. Since his fleet was smaller and his sailors inexperienced, he believed that the narrow waters would limit the British advantage in firepower and reduce the need to maneuver. This location was resisted by many of his captains who wished to fight in open water which would allow a retreat to Crown Point or Ticonderoga. Shifting his flag to the galley Congress (10), the American line was anchored by the galleys Washington (10) and Trumbull (10), as well as the schooners Revenge (8) and Royal Savage, and sloop Enterprise (12). These were supported by the eight gundalows (3 guns each) and the cutter Lee (5). Departing on October 9, Carletons fleet, overseen by Captain Thomas Pringle, sailed south with 50 support vessels in tow. Led by Inflexible, Pringle also possessed the schooners Maria (14), Carleton (12), and Loyal Convert (6), the radeau Thunderer (14), and 20 gunboats (1 each). The Fleets Engage Sailing south with a favorable wind on October 11, the British fleet passed the northern tip of Valcour Island. In an effort to draw Carletons attention, Arnold sent out Congress and Royal Savage. After a brief exchange of fire, both vessels attempted to return to the American line. Beating against the wind, Congress succeeded in regaining its position, but Royal Savage was plagued by the headwinds and ran aground on the southern tip of the island. Quickly attacked by British gunboats, the crew abandoned ship and it was boarded by men from Loyal Convert (Map). This possession proved brief as American fire quickly drove them from the schooner. Rounding the island, Carleton and the British gunboats came into action and the battle began in earnest around 12:30 PM. Maria and Thunderer were unable to make headway against the winds and did not participate. While Inflexible struggled against the wind to join the fight, Carleton became the focus of American fire. Though dealing out punishment on the American line, the schooner suffered heavy casualties and after taking substantial damage was towed to safety. Also during the fight, the gundalow Philadelphia was critically hit and sank around 6:30 PM. The Tide Turns Around sunset, Inflexible came into action and began reducing Arnolds fleet. Out-gunning the entire American fleet, the sloop-of-war battered its smaller opponents. With the tide turned, only darkness prevented the British from completing their victory. Understanding the he could not defeat the British and with most of his fleet damaged or sinking, Arnold began planning an escape south to Crown Point. Utilizing a dark and foggy night, and with oars muffled, his fleet succeeded in sneaking through the British line. By morning they had reached Schuyler Island. Angered that the Americans had escaped, Carleton began a pursuit. Moving slowly, Arnold was forced to abandon damaged vessels en route before the approaching British fleet forced him to burn his remaining ships in Buttonmold Bay. Aftermath American losses at Valcour Island numbered around 80 killed and 120 captured. In addition, Arnold lost 11 of the 16 vessels he had on the lake. British losses totaled around 40 killed and three gunboats. Reaching Crown Point overland, Arnold ordered the post abandoned and fell back to Fort Ticonderoga. Having taken control of the lake, Carleton quickly occupied Crown Point. After lingering for two weeks, he determined that it was too late in the season to continue the campaign and withdrew north into winter quarters. Though a tactical defeat, the Battle of Valcour Island was critical strategic victory for Arnold as it prevented an invasion from the north in 1776. The delay caused by the naval race and battle gave the Americans an additional year to stabilize the northern front and prepare for the campaign that would culminate with the decisive victory at the Battles of Saratoga.